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介系詞 (Prepositions)
介系詞是用來表示它後面的「受詞」與句子中其他字之間的關係。這種關係通常跟位置、方向、移動、或時間有關。
我們以句子的主詞 The dog (狗)，動詞 leaped (跳)，和受詞 the car (車子)為例，來說明如何引用適當的介系詞來表示受詞「車子」與動詞「跳」的各種不同「方向」的關係： 跳(到、離、進、出、向)車子。
| 主詞 | 動詞 | 介系詞 | 受詞 | 關係 |
| The dog | leaped | onto
off
into
out of
toward | the car. | 跳到車上
跳離車子
跳進車內
跳出車外
跳向車子 |
上面例句若把動詞 leaped 改為 slept (睡），使用適當的介系詞可以表示受詞「車子」與動詞「睡」的各種不同「位置」的關係： 睡在車(前、後、旁、...)。
| 主詞 | 動詞 | 介系詞 | 受詞 | 關係 |
| The dog | slept | in front of
behind
by
beside
outside of
under
underneath
in
on
on top of
near
far from
| the car. | 睡在車前
在車後
在車旁
在車邊
在車外
在車下
在車底
在車內
在車上
在車頂
靠近車子
遠離車子 |
註：
by the car = beside the car;
under the car = underneath the car;
on the car = on top of the car。
behind, in front of, beside
Don't walk behind me; I may not lead. Don't walk in front of me; I may not follow. Just walk beside me and be my friend.
不要走在我後面;我不見得會引導。不要走在我前面;我可能不會跟隨。只要走在我身邊，成為我的朋友。
除了上面表示方向、位置的關係外，還有表示時間(如：at night, on Sunday, in June, during the day, since 1984, after lunch, by tomorrow noon, till midnight, from 9 to 5, for three years)、地方 (如：at the airport, in Taiwan)、比較（如：looks like his father, as a young lady) 、交通工具（如：by bus, by train, on foot)、目的、代理、手段、...等各種不同關係。
常見介系詞總覽
常見介系詞一覽表| about | 大約;關於 | above | 在…之上 |
| across | 橫越;穿過 | after | 在…之後 |
| against | 反對 | along | 沿著 |
| amid | 在…當中；為…環繞 | among | 在...之中 |
| around | 差不多;環繞 | as | 以…的身份；作為 |
| at | 在 | before | 在…之前 |
| behind | 在…後面 | beneath | 在…下方 |
| below | 在…之下 | beside | 在...旁側 |
| besides | 除...之外 | between | 在…和…之間 |
| beyond | 遠於;在...那一邊 | by | 經由 |
| despite | 不管；儘管 | down | 向下 |
| during | 在…期間 | except | 除…之外 |
| for | 為…做的;給 | from | 從 |
| in | 在…之內 | inside | 在…裡面 |
| into | 進入 | like | 像;如 |
| minus | 減（去） | near | 接近 |
| of | …的，屬於 | off | 離去 |
| on | 在…上面 | out | 通過...而出 |
| outside | 在外 | over | 在…之上 |
| past | 走過 | plus | 加 |
| since | 由於;自從...之後 | than | 比; 超過 |
| through | 經過 | throughout | 在各處；自始至終 |
| till | 直到 | to | 到;向 |
| toward | 向;對 | under | 在…下面 |
| until | 直到 | up | 向...上 |
| upon | 在...之上 | with | 跟...在一起;有 |
| within | 在…裡; 不超過 | without | 沒有 |
請將正確答案拖放到適當的空格內，再按Solve鈕看結果。
請填入適當的介系詞
成功是從失敗中一再跌倒，而不喪失熱情。
Success is stumbling failure failure no loss enthusiasm.
from
of
to
with
請將正確答案拖放到適當的空格內，再按Solve鈕看結果。
介系詞 "across - 橫越;穿過" 與 "around - 環繞;四處"
- They're building a new bridge the river.
- The moon goes the earth.
- We walked the street.
- Teachers in Lutheran schools the country and the world are some of the finest you'll find anywhere.
across
across
across
around
around
介系詞 between 和 among 都具有“在...之間”的意思. 兩者之間用 between， 三者或三者以上用 among。
The boy stood between his mother and his father.
這個男孩站在他的母親和他的父親之間。
Richard has always been popular among his classmates.
Richard在同學中一向很受歡迎。
介系詞 plus 加(上) 和 minus 減(去)
The rent will be NT$12,000, plus gas and electricity.
租金將是台幣12,000元，加上瓦斯費和電費。
What is 10 minus 7?
10減7是多少？
made of 和 made from
"made of" 和 "made from" 都有“由什麼材料做的”的意思。制成品的原材料不因制作的過程而改變，用介系詞 of，若制成品的原材料因制作的過程而改變，用介系詞 from； 椅子還是可以看到木頭，而紙已經看不見木頭。
Chairs are made of wood.
椅子是用木頭做的。
Paper is made from wood.
紙是用木頭做的。
請將正確答案拖放到適當的空格內，再按Solve鈕看結果。
- The desk is made stainless steel.
這辦公桌是由不銹鋼製成。
- Wine is made grapes.
葡萄酒是由葡萄製成的。
- That table is made glass.
那張桌子是用玻璃做的。
- Glass is made liquid sand.
玻璃是從液態砂製成。
from
from
of
of
介系詞並不限於一個單字，也有兩個或三個單字形成的介系詞：
| 介系詞 | 範例 |
| 一個單字 | in, out, above, below, to, from, at, by, with, under, before, after |
| 兩個單字 | across from, due to, up to, apart from, according to, thanks to, instead of, as for, out of, ahead of, except for, because of |
| 三個單字 | in addition to, in front of, with regard to, in case of, by means of, in spite of, on behalf of |
My house sits across from the cemetery.
我的房子坐立在墓地對面。
In spite of not having an umbrella, I walked home in the rain.
儘管沒有傘，我在雨中走回家。
- 104年學科能力測驗第14題
- John should interact more often with his friends and family after work, in spite of staying in his room to play computer games.
- John should interact more often with his friends and family after work, instead of staying in his room to play computer games.
請將正確答案拖放到適當的空格內，再按Solve鈕看結果。
儘管暴風雪，她準時到達學校。
She arrived school time spite the snowstorm.
at
in
of
on
介系詞片語是由「介系詞+受詞」所形成，通常用來當形容詞或副詞，偶而也拿來當名詞使用。
The girl with curly red hair is walking on the street.
那個有捲曲紅髮的女孩正走在大街上。
After seven is a good time to call.
七點過後是來電話的好時間。
About 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer over the course of her lifetime.
大約8名婦女就會有一人在她的一生會患上乳腺癌，。
兩個或兩個以上介系詞片語，可以修飾同一個字。
The concert starts at 2:30 p.m. on Saturday.
音樂會週六下午2點30分開始。
介系詞 in, on, of, at 看似簡單，卻是最容易被不適當地使用。以下是一些國中基測試題有關介系詞的不正確用法：
- Doing exercise after work is a good way for me to forget the troubles in the office.
- Doing exercise after work is a good way for me to forget the troubles at the office.
- During your two-week stay, we are going to take you to England for one week. I've never been there, either. But I'm sure we're going to have fun in this trip.
- During your two-week stay, we are going to take you to England for one week. I've never been there, either. But I'm sure we're going to have fun on this trip.
- All the best wishes for your sweet sixteenth birthday. Have fun in the party!
- All the best wishes for your sweet sixteenth birthday. Have fun at the party!
- Our dog always hides food under the ground. She digs it out when she needs it.
- Our dog always hides food in the ground. She digs it out when she needs it.
- Susan visits Jenny for the weekend. She arrives at the train station of Jenny’s town in the afternoon. Susan is calling Jenny now.
- Susan visits Jenny for the weekend. She arrives at the train station in Jenny’s town in the afternoon. Susan is calling Jenny now.
- James bought three books in Favorite Books and three of Brown’s books in Silver House during the special sales. How much did he pay?
- James bought three books at Favorite Books and three of Brown’s books at Silver House during the special sales. How much did he pay?
- It was important for Kevin to finish his homework quickly because he had to help his parents sell fruit in the night market.
- It was important for Kevin to finish his homework quickly because he had to help his parents sell fruit at the night market.
某些形容詞與後面的介系詞緊密結合(形容詞+介系詞)形成「慣用語」，幾乎可以當做一個字來看待。
Are you afraid of dark?
Jane is married to an Japanese.
某些名詞後面習慣用特定的介系詞(名詞+介系詞)， 例如： approval of, belief in, response to, etc. 讀者應勤查字典，使用正確的介系詞。
Her response to the criticism was very strong.
她對批評的回應是非常強硬的。
很多慣用語或成語是由「動詞+介系詞」或「動詞+副詞+介系詞」所形成的片語動詞。
I have to look after my sick grandpa.
我必須照顧我生病的爺爺。
請將正確答案拖放到適當的空格內，再按Solve鈕看結果。
介系詞練習
- My birthday is May.
- I can't come to the meeting. Don't wait me.
- I don't like walking alone in the streets night.
- I'm tired waiting for you.
- The library is just the street.
- The police car chased the robbers the streets.
- I have been waiting for you seven o'clock.
- They dream moving to Brazil.
- John is work.
- I will have finished this essay Friday.
across
at
at
by
for
in
of
of
since
through
- 你相信奇蹟？
- Do you believe on miracles?
- Do you believe in miracles?
- 她以自己對朋友的忠誠而感到自豪。
- She prides herself about her loyalty to her friends.
- She prides herself on her loyalty to her friends.
請將正確答案拖放到適當的空格內，再按Solve鈕看結果。
介系詞練習
- He hasn't smoked ages.
- Sarah is good running.
- The money was divided equally the three winners of the lottery.
- She is sitting a chair.
- This song was written John Denver.
- The secret stayed you and me.
- You can look the word in a dictionary.
- I don't like walking alone the streets at night.
- Several people still contact me my old email address.
- It is a shock and a heartbreak to see how my daughter speaks about me, all of my efforts to help her.
among
at
between
by
despite
for
in
on
up
via
偶而，介系詞會放在句子的最後面
Tom picked up a rock with which to hit the robber.
湯姆拿他撿起的那塊石頭打強盜。
Tom picked up a rock to hit the robber with.
What did you step on?
你踩到了什麼？
The dress had not even been paid for.
這件衣服甚至都還沒有付帳。
Peter wants to know where Mary came from.
彼得想知道瑪麗來自哪裡。
What did you put the lamp there for?
你把燈放在那裡為何故？
I wonder what they're talking about.
我想知道他們在說什麼。
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